Accretion Unexplained.

WHY THE ACCRETION THEORY DOESNT WORK.

The fundamental problem with this theory is Newtonian physics.

          Objects small as grains of sand or as large as   planets, that orbit a star will be moving at speeds that are determined by the distance they are from the star and the mass of the star. The closer an object is to the star the faster it will orbit the star.  (Kepler's Laws)

          The earth's velocity is over 67,000 miles per hour around the sun. This is rather fast and Newtonian physics says that all the smaller bits, from which the earth is supposedly made, would have been in this orbit and thus orbiting the sun at the same velocity as we are now.  The ability of small particles moving at those velocities to collide and bond to form large solid objects is impossible. Not only do the particles have to collide they have to overcome the entropy of the system in order to stick together.

          To even get to a boulder size by accretion is doubtful and if they did they would not be fused but rather compacted as in a pail of sand turned upside down, they would soon be smashed apart by collisions they would have with other "sandy" boulders.

They would be so weakly held together that collisions with other material would have redispersed them.

          The idea that these fast moving small particles will collide and stick together is simply absurd. They may collide but will bounce off each other in elastic collisions and continue in motion around the sun.

          The idea that the gas cloud condensed and that it threw off heavy particles into a disk is also unlikely. The heavier particles should have been attracted to the center of the original gas cloud due to its enormous gravity. If the gas cloud was as large as the present day solar system the density would be very low, however the gravitational attraction would be as high as it is now. siince the center of mass of the cloud would have been where it is now.

          That gravitational attraction would have pulled the more massive particles and gasses into its center. The density of such a large cloud would be  less than 1.6 x 10^-6 gms per liter which is a vert small fraction os the Sun's density of 1.4 gm/cc that it is now.. On earth that would be considered a really good vacumm.

          The gas cloud would have  been very cold and  the light gases hydrogen and helium would not be moving very fast.

However all the other elements and solid particles would have been moving much slower.

          This would have allowed the heavier materials such as the metals and heavier atoms to migrate towards the center of the gas cloud. The  light gases would not have had enough kinetic energy to develop sufficient Brownian motion to keep the heavier particles suspended in the cloud.

          The heavier atoms  and any molecules and particles of matter more massive than helium should have fallen into the center of the sun as it contracted due to gravity. The gravitational force exerted on an object as discovered by Newton is F = mg^. Since the mass of elements heavier than Helium are in all cases other than Lithium, Boron and Beryllium are at least three times as massive as Helium. At similar radii from the cloud center the heavier  elements  and particles would thus experience three or more times the gravitational attraction felt by Helium.

Brownian motion would not have been sufficient to impart enough energy to the heavier particles to keep them in motion. since the gas was so dilute. Van derwalls forces would have had some affect at condensing particles into larger units as the more massive particles which were slow moving came into close contact.  If  molecules of magnatite formed these could have attracted atoms of iron nickel and cobalt as well as other magnatite.

          At the density and cold temperature of the condensing gas cloud there would not be enough motion from kinetic energy  to keep the gas well mixed. The heavier particles should have fallen to the core long before the pressure and temperature were high enough for fusion to start.

          Even here on earth gas cylinders which contain mixtures of  hydrogen or helium and other heavier gases, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide or argon,  at high pressure will have the gases separate if left standing over a few months. This is a well known problem in the welding gas industry.        

          The largest planet Jupiter's atmosphere consists of about 81 percent hydrogen and 18 percent helium. Besides hydrogen and helium, small amounts of methane, ammonia, phosphorus, water vapor, and various hydrocarbons have been found in Jupiter's atmosphere.

            Now Jupiter is way out from the sun and would have needed to accumulate a lot more solid material than the earth in order for it to start accumulating helium or hydrogen.

          Yet somehow proponents  of the accretion theory would have us believe that there was enough material that was dense enough to collect and form a solid planetary core large enough to retain both helium and that this core then grew so that it could retain hydrogen. All this in an atmosphere which was very dilute (1.6 x 10^-6 gms per liter)  and becoming more dilute as the hydrogen cloud condensed into the sun.

          Some scientists are now proposing that Jupiter initially formed closer to the sun and that it "somehow" moved into its present orbit.  This is the only way the current theory can deal with this fact of our solar system.

          This idea is flawed since as Newton pointed out an object in motion will remain in motion unless a force is applied which will act to alter the motion of the object.  It would take a lot of energy to apply a sufficiently strong enough force to move Jupiter to a very different orbit than it has now. 

          Similarly if it was originally closer to the Sun it would have required a tremendous force to move it to its present orbit.

          Even if a super massive Black hole were to come through our solar system it would have sucked up the asteroid belt as well as Jupiter's moons as it moved Jupiter into its present orbit.

          The case is simply that  our solar system formed as the exhausted sun went NOVA and became a Red Giant. The dense "PLASMA" core fragmented  into the planets, moons, asteroids and comets. All in their original orbits.